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Chorionic Villus Sampling CVS is a prenatal diagnostic test performed in the first trimester. This test is done to detect chromosomal abnormalities (such as Down syndrome) in an unborn child. The procedure involves removing cells from the placenta that can be grown in the laboratory. The cells can then be analyzed for chromosomes or other tests, depending on the patient’s history. Approximately 1 in 370 women having a CVS will experience a miscarriage secondary to the procedure.
CVS is a procedure in which a small amount of placental tissue is removed during the 11th to 13th week of pregnancy for genetic testing. Chorionic villi tissue originates from the same fertilized egg as the fetus and contains the same genetic data as the fetus. These cells can be analyzed for fetal genetic disorders before birth.
Genetic counseling is provided before each CVS procedure.
The most common reasons couples consider undergoing CVS are:
• Women who will be 35 years or older at the time of delivery
• Couples who have had a previous child with a chromosomal abnormality or metabolic disorder
• A parent who is a carrier for a chromosome rearrangement (translocation)
• Parents who are both carriers of a recessive gene (Tay Sachs disease, sickle cell anemia, cystic fibrosis)
• Women who are carriers for an X-linked disorder (fragile X syndrome, hemophilia)
• Women who have had an abnormal first trimester screen result
There are two ways to perform CVS - transcervical and transabdominal. The type that is right for you will depend on the number of fetuses, the position of your uterus and the location of your placenta within the uterus. CVS is an outpatient procedure. An ultrasound is performed prior to the procedure to determine the gestational age of the fetus, number of fetuses present, placental location and the appropriate method. After sterile cleansing, a thin needle or catheter is inserted (depending on the method performed) and a small amount of placental tissue is removed. During the procedure, women may feel slight cramping as the needle or catheter is inserted and some pressure, but generally the procedure is not painful.
Heavy lifting and excessive physical activity are discouraged for 48 hours following the procedure, but no other special limitations are made on a patient's activity. However, women should watch for signs of excessive bleeding, cramping, fever or leakage of fluid.
If you would like further information or to schedule an appointment, please call Maryland Perinatal Associates, PC at 301-251-8611. Our genetic counselor is also available to answer any further questions about CVS. Genetic counseling is recommend before having a CVS.
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